Famous wars and battles fought by Muslims [ 624 CE to 2020 CE]

Famous wars and battles fought by Muslims [ 624 CE to 2020 CE] 

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Famous wars and battles fought by Muslims [ 624 CE to 2020 CE] 

Battles of Prophet Muhammad [PBUH]:

1. Battle of Badr (624 CE): Decisive victory for Muslims against the Quraysh.

2. Battle of Uhud (625 CE): Muslims faced a setback against the Quraysh.

3. Battle of the Trench (627 CE): Successful defense of Medina against the Quraysh and allied tribes.

4. Battle of Khayber (628 CE): Victory over the Jewish tribes of Khayber.

5. Conquest of Makkah (630 CE): Peaceful conquest of Makkah and its return to Islamic control.

6. Battle of Hunayn (630 CE): Victory for Muslims against the Hawazin tribe.

Battles of Hazret Abu Bakr al-Siddiq:

7. Ridda Battles (632–633 CE): Successful campaigns to reunite the Arabian Peninsula and suppress tribes that had rebelled after Muhammad's death.

8. Battle of Yamama (632 CE): Musaylimah ibn Kazzab, a self-proclaimed prophet, was killed, ending his rebellion against the Muslim state. The leader of the Muslims in this battle was Khalid ibn al-Walid and Abu Bakr al-Siddiq was the Caliph.

Wars of Hazret Umar ibn al-Khattab:

9. Battle of Yarmouk (636 CE):Decisive victory over the Byzantine Empire, leading to the Muslim conquest of Syria.

10. Battle of Qadisiyyah (636 CE): Victory over the Sassanian Empire, paving the way for the Muslim conquest of Persia.

Battles of Hazret Uthman ibn Affan:

No significant battles or wars under Uthman’s direct leadership. His reign was marked by internal dissent and conflict, culminating in his assassination.

Battles of Hazret Ali ibn Abi Talib:

11. Battle of the Camel (656 CE): Victory for Hazret Ali ibn Abi Talib against the forces led by Hazraat Aisha, Talha, and Zubair. Hazret Aisha later expressed regret for having fought against Ali, who, after defeating her, did not harm her. Instead, he treated her with great honour. 

12. Battle of Siffin (657 CE): Inconclusive battle with Mu'awiya, leading to arbitration.

13. Battle of Nahrawan (658 CE): Victory over the Kharijites.

Battles of Hazret Hussain ibn Ali:

14. Battle of Karbala (680 CE): He was martyred by Yazid’s forces, a pivotal event in Islamic history. 

Battles of Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan:

No major battles of his own; he was involved in the aftermath of the Battle of Siffin and the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate.

Battles of Yazid ibn Muawiya:

14. Battle of Karbala (680 CE): Hazret Hussain ibn Ali was martyred. 

15. Battle of al-Harra (683 CE): Suppression of a rebellion in Medina, resulting in a massacre of its inhabitants.

Famous wars and battles fought by Muslims from 8th to 13th Centuries: 

1. Battle of Tours (732 CE): Charles Martel defeated the Umayyad forces, halting Muslim expansion into Western Europe.

2. Battle of Manzikert (1071 CE): Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantine Empire, leading to significant Turkic influence in Anatolia.

3. Crusades (1096–1291 CE): A series of military campaigns by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land, with varying results:

 First Crusade (1096–1099 CE): Christians captured Jerusalem.

 Second Crusade (1147–1149 CE): Failed to recapture Edessa.

 Third Crusade (1187–1192 CE): Led to a treaty allowing Christian pilgrims access to Jerusalem, which remained under Muslim control. Jerusalem was captured by syed Salahudeen on October 2, 1187 CE. This event marked the end of nearly a century of Crusader control over the city and was a significant turning point in the Crusades.

Fourth Crusade (1202–1204 CE): Resulted in the sack of Constantinople. 

 Fifth Crusade (1217–1221 CE): Failed to achieve its objectives in Egypt.

 Sixth Crusade (1228–1229 CE): Peace treaty with the Ayyubids led to brief Christian control of Jerusalem.

 Seventh Crusade (1248–1254 CE): Led by Louis IX, ended in failure.

 Eighth Crusade (1270 CE): Also failed to achieve its goals.

 Ninth Crusade (1271–1272 CE): Brief and unsuccessful, leading to the end of the Crusades. 

4. Mongol Invasions: 

Invasion of Khwarezmia (1219–1221 CE): The Mongol Empire, led by Genghis Khan, launched a devastating campaign against the Khwarezmian Empire. The Mongols captured and destroyed major cities like Samarkand and Bukhara, leading to the collapse of the Khwarezmian state. 

Battle of Baghdad (1258 CE): The Mongols, under Hulagu Khan, besieged and captured Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. This event marked the end of the Abbasid Caliphate and was a significant blow to the Islamic world. The city was sacked and many of its inhabitants were killed. 

Mongol Invasion of the Mamluk Sultanate (1260 CE): The Mongols advanced into the Mamluk Sultanate's territory but were defeated by the Mamluks at the Battle of Ain Jalut. This battle, fought in the Jezreel Valley (modern-day Israel), marked the first major defeat of the Mongol forces and halted their westward expansion.

14th–16th Centuries:

5. The Battle of Ankara (1402 CE): Timur decisively defeated the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I. Timur had about 100,000 soldiers and Bayezid I had about 70,000 soldiers.

6. Fall of Constantinople (1453 CE): The Fall of Constantinople occurred on May 29, 1453, when the Ottoman Empire, led by Sultan Mehmed II, captured the Byzantine capital. Constantinople, renamed Istanbul, became the new capital of the Ottoman Empire, solidifying its dominance in the region.The capture disrupted traditional land routes between Europe and Asia, prompting European nations to seek new maritime routes, leading to the Age of Exploration. The Ottomans converted the Hagia Sophia into a mosque, symbolizing the transition of power and religious change in the city. 

7. Battle of Mohács (1526 CE): Ottoman Empire defeated the Kingdom of Hungary, leading to Ottoman dominance in Central Europe.

8. Battle of Lepanto (1571 CE): A coalition of European states defeated the Ottoman navy, halting Ottoman naval expansion in the Mediterranean.

17th–19th Centuries:

9. Great Turkish War (1683–1699 CE): Led to the decline of Ottoman influence in Central Europe after their defeat in the Battle of Vienna (1683 CE) and subsequent treaties.

10. Anglo-Afghan Wars (1839–1842, 1878–1880, 1919 CE): British conflicts with Afghan forces, leading to varying results but generally British influence over Afghanistan.

20th Century:

11. Arab-Israeli Wars:

First Arab-Israeli War (1948–1949 CE): Established the State of Israel, with surrounding Arab states' defeat.

 Six-Day War (1967 CE): Israel achieved a decisive victory, capturing significant territories after defeating all major Arab countries together. 

 Yom Kippur War (1973 CE): A partial Arab victory, leading to subsequent peace talks and agreements.

12. Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988 CE): An extensive conflict between Iraq and Iran, ending in a stalemate with no significant territorial changes.

13. Gulf War (1990–1991 CE): Coalition forces led by the United States expelled Iraqi troops from Kuwait.

14. Afghanistan War (2001–2021 CE): Initiated by the US and allies to oust the Taliban following the 9/11 attacks, resulting in a prolonged conflict with varying outcomes. Finally, the US was kicked out. 

15. Iraq War (2003–2011 CE): The US-led invasion toppled Saddam Hussein's regime, leading to a prolonged insurgency and instability.

21st Century:

16. Syrian Civil War (2011–present): Ongoing conflict with various factions, including Assad's regime, opposition groups, and ISIS, with no clear resolution.

17. Yemen Civil War (2014–present): A complex conflict involving the Yemeni government, Houthi rebels, and various regional powers, resulting in a humanitarian crisis.

18. First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988-1994): The war ended with Armenian forces controlling Nagorno-Karabakh [A Muslim area]. 

19. Second Nagorno-Karabakh War (2020):Azerbaijan defeated Armenia and regained control of significant parts of Nagorno-Karabakh. 

Courtesy: Sahil Sharifdin Bhat