The Foolishness of the Caliph Led to the Fall of Baghdad in 656 A.H. Caliph Mustasim was the last Abbasid caliph in Baghdad. He was not wise and did not understand the danger around him. Because of his poor decisions, Baghdad fell to the Mongols in 656 A.H. (1258 CE)  When the Mongol army, led by Hulegu Khan, first attacked, the Baghdad army fought them. The Mongol soldiers were also tired and injured. But instead of preparing for another attack, Caliph Mustasim felt happy and believed the danger was over. Like modern Muslim rulers, he was addicted to pleasures and underestimated his enemy.  His minister, Ibn Alqami, did not tell him the truth. He secretly sent information to Hulegu Khan. Soon, news came that Hulegu had surrounded Baghdad with a huge army. The common people of Baghdad tried to defend their city. For 50 days, they stopped the Mongols from entering. But some people inside the city contacted Hulegu and made agreements for their own safety. Ibn Alqami conti...