Eleven Mistakes that wiped out eleven empires in the last 2,000 years:

 

Eleven Mistakes that wiped out eleven empires in the last 2,000 years:

1. Roman Empire → Mistake: Letting too many Germanic tribes settle inside the borders without integration → the disaster at Adrianople in 378 AD.

2. Byzantine Empire → Mistake: Allowing the Fourth Crusade to sack Constantinople in 1204.

3. Mongol Empire → Mistake: Poor succession rules after Genghis Khan → instant fragmentation into rival khanates.

4. Ottoman Empire → Mistake: Joining the wrong side in the First World War (Central Powers, 1914).

5. Spanish Empire → Mistake: Invading and fighting Napoleon during the Peninsular War (1808–1814).

6. French (Napoleonic) Empire → Mistake: Invading Russia in 1812.

7. British Empire → Mistake: Losing the American colonies through arrogance and taxation without representation (1775–1783).

8. Russian Empire → Mistake: Repeated failure to modernise and reform → collapse in 1917.

9. Japanese Empire → Mistake: Attacking Pearl Harbor and awakening the United States (1941).

10. Nazi Germany → Mistake: Invading the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa, 1941).

11. Soviet Union → Mistake: Invading Afghanistan (1979–1989).